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Paediatric Imaging

Buphthalmos

an enlarged eyeglobe resulting from increased intraocular pressure. The term 'buphthalmos' is derived from the Greek bous meaning 'ox', and ophthalmos denoting 'eye'. The frequency is equal in boys and girls.

Raised intraocular pressure leading to glaucoma distends the elastic outer coat of the globe over time. The globe in infants is especially prone to enlargement from increased pressure because its collagen filaments are not rigid and may easily be stretched. Associated conditions include neurofibromatosis type 1, Sturge Weber syndrome, cerebrohepatorenal (Lowe) syndrome, homocystinuria and aniridia. Newborns with congenital glaucoma present with corneal clouding whilst older children often manifest with epiphora (tearing) or a large eye or both. The eye is diffusely enlarged on CT and MRI with normal attenuation/signal in the vitreous in the early stages of the disease. The anterior chamber may be enlarged and the sclera thinned.

KMc/MH