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Neuroradiology

Ganglioglioma

rare, slow-growing, relatively benign neoplasm consisting of a mixture of adult ganglion cells and glial tumour cells; a cyst with a nodule is a fairly common macroscopic appearance. Gangliogliomas can occur in different locations in the central nervous system and can involve both the brain and spinal cord. The most common location in adults is the temporal lobe and floor of the third ventricle; in children gangliogliomas occur more frequently in the medulla and spinal cord. Gangliogliomas are true neoplasms that should be surgically removed. Patients usually present with seizures.

CT and MR findings are nonspecific; the classical appearance is that of a cyst with a mural nodule. The density/signal is variable, as well as the presence of calcifications and the degree of contrast enhancement. Due to the slowly growing nature of the tumour, scalloping of the adjacent bone may be found (Fig.1).

GS

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Fig.1

a. Plain film of the skull, lateral projection. Marked expansion and erosion of the middle fossa on one side (arrowheads). b, c. Axial CT. Thinning and erosion of the anterior floor of the middle fossa on the right side. Some calcifications are seen within the tissue in the right middle fossa. d. MR, T1-weighted sagittal view through the middle fossa. The two arrows point at the inhomogeneous, partly cystic component of the temporal pole tumour, that has expanded the middle cranial fossa. e. MR, coronal T2-weighted image. The three arrows indicate the downward growth of the tumour in the right middle fossa.
Ganglioglioma, Fig.1 (a)
Ganglioglioma, Fig.1 (b)
Ganglioglioma, Fig.1 (c)
Ganglioglioma, Fig.1 (d)
Ganglioglioma, Fig.1 (e)