Osteophytes and uncovertebral joint hypertrophy, are the main cause of stenosis and related symptoms including radiculopathies such as cruralgias and sciatica in the lumbosacral region, cervical radiculopathy and neuralgias in the cervical region (see cervical radiculopathy.
Plain films in the oblique projection in the cervical spine and in the lateral projection for the lumbar spine clearly depict the neural foramina and their stenosis. CT shows the narrowing in the axial plane and MR is useful in demonstrating root involvement, particularly in the lumbar area.
Also, see arthrosis, spondylosis deformans, degenerative joint disease.
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