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Urogenital Imaging

Osteoma, ovarian

a benign ovarian tumour, composed of dense cortical bone. These tumours are usually small, although it may grow to be relatively large. Most osteomas are probably examples of osseous metaplasia occurring in fibromas or leiomyomas, although an origin from ovarian stoma cannot be ruled out. Another possibility is that ovarian osteoma represents metaplasia or heterotopia in the connective tissue of the ovary and is not a true neoplastic lesion.

Dense calcification in an ovarian mass may suggest the diagnosis of an osteoma, especially on CT. On ultrasound, it is difficult to ascertain if calcification is in an ovarian leiomyoma, a pedunculated uterine leiomyoma or an ovarian osteoma. On CT, the key feature for ovarian osteoma is that cortical bone is dominant and very little adjacent soft tissue can be seen. However, even on CT any differentiation between calcified leiomyoma and osteoma can be difficult.

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