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Musculoskeletal Imaging

Hypoparathyroidism

an endocrine disease involving deficiency of parathyroid hormone or end-organ resistance to the action of the hormone. It is characterized by hypocalcaemia and its neuromuscular symptoms and signs. Deficient levels of parathyroid hormone most commonly result from excision or trauma to the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery. An idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in which the parathyroid glands are absent or atrophied can also occur. End-organ unresponsiveness to parathyroid hormone is seen in pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Rare forms of hypoparathyroidism caused by irradiation to the gland and as a response of an infant to hyperparathyroidism in the mother may also occur.

General radiographic abnormalities of hypoparathyroidism include osteoporosis, calvarial thickening, hypoplastic dentition, subcutaneous calcification, basal ganglion calcification, premature fusion of physes and spinal ossification. Increased radiodensity of the skeleton, including peculiar bandlike areas in the metaphyses of long bones, also may be present. Rarely distinctive abnormalities of the spine resembling those of ankylosing spondylitis or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis DISH have been reported, such as calcification of the anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior paraspinal ligaments with spinal osteophytes.

DR