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Atheromatous plaque with ulceration Carotid artery dissection, case 1 Carotid artery dissection, case 2 Coiling of the internal carotid artery Fibromuscular dysplasia Glomus tumor of the carotid body Iatrogeni dissection of the right vertebral artery Internal carotid artery dissection Internal carotid artery occlusion Mild stenosis of the carotid bifurcation Motion artifacts in 2D TOF MRA MRA of normal aortic arch Normal common carotid artery bifurcation Severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery, case 1 Severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery, case 2 Severe stenosis of the internal carotid arter, case 3 Subclavian steal syndrome T1 contamination artifact in 3D Time-of Flight MRA Vertebral artery dissection

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Mild stenosis of the carotid bifurcation

Mild stenosis of the left common carotid artery bifurcation and the origin of the internal carotid artery, 1.5 T.
Fig.1 The DSA image (left) with selective injection of the left common carotid artery shows a mild atherosclerotic stenosis at the left common carotid artery bifurcation, involving the origin of the internal carotid artery (arrow).
Both the 3D (middle) and 2D (right) TOF MR angiograms slightly overestimate the degree of stenosis, as compared to the DSA image. However, this phenomenon is more evident with the 2D acquisition, due to its increased sensitivity to turbulent and complex flow (signal loss related to intravoxel phase dispersion).
Fig.2 3D TOF MR angiograms: multiple projections with angular differences. Same observations as on Fig.1.
Fig.3 2D TOF MR angiograms: multiple projections with angular differences. Same observations as on Fig.1.

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Fig. 1


Mild stenosis of the carotid bifurcation, Fig. 1		Mild stenosis of the carotid bifurcation, Fig. 2		Mild stenosis of the carotid bifurcation, Fig. 3